Here, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to CT of 68 Desikan-Killiany regions from three large-scale datasets of adult participants to derive a first principal component (PC1). Next, we examined developmental trajectories of CT from late childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to young adulthood with longitudinal data from ABCD and IMAGEN. The PC1 map was also compared with the age-related effects on regional CT across the lifespan from a previous cross-sectional study by the ENIGMA Lifespan working group [20]. Having established that PC1 was highly reproducible and related to normal neurodevelopment, we next determined if it was recapitulated in patterns of cortical alteration associated with psychopathology. We compared the PC1 map with effect size maps of case-control comparisons between participants with alcohol dependence and non-dependent controls in ENIGMA-Addiction and UK Biobank data. In addition, we determined if the same PC1 pattern was similar to effect size maps observed in six large-scale studies reported by other ENIGMA disease-related working groups [1–3, 5–7]. Finally, we correlated the PC1 map with brain-specific gene expression maps derived from the Allen Human Brain Atlas
