this cohort, whereas continuous measures of impulsivity and negative affect may not be assessed before alcohol milestones;Whether distinct subtypes of internalizing and externalizing disorders are specifically and bidirectionally related to alcohol involvement in ways consistent with the stage-based model has not yet been comprehensively explored; andFocusing on these clinical phenotypes facilitates translation to clinical practice and integration with genetic evidence of shared liability revealed from GWAS of clinical phenotypes.
