used as an index of that process, further confirming the fundamental association between language and memory functions (Kutas and Federmeier, 2000; Hanslmayr et al., 2011). Future studies could explore the nature of PW processing and its similarity to SW processing further by manipulating the degree to which the PW are “wordlike” and to which they share their orthographic neighborhood with real words (Holcomb et al., 2002).