A modified version of the SSAGA (Bucholz et al., 1994), an interview developed by COGA, was used to make DSM-IV alcohol and other substance misuse and psychiatric diagnoses. Probands with serious drug addictions (e.g., stimulants, cocaine, or opiates) and those who reported any history of intravenous substance use were excluded. Probands were excluded if, upon screening, they reported a current or past diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other psychiatric illness involving psychotic symptoms (those with depressive and anxiety disorders were accepted); a life-threatening illness; or an inability to speak and read English.
