Figure 1 and Table 1 summarize results from various methods that we used across the seven empirical articles to study our 17 endophenotypes. Figure 1 shows that biometric heritability estimates derived from the family data and from the SNP-based genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA)-family method, which statistically controls shared environmental influences, generally match each other, and show considerable range. The EEG measures show especially high heritability, with several estimates exceeding 80%. Most of the other endophenotypes, plus one of the EEG measures (delta power), show moderate heritability, falling in the 40‒60% range. Affective modulated startle, by contrast and unlike overall startle, shows little evidence of heritability. The GCTA values derived from unrelated individuals (GCTA-Median in the figure) that provide an estimate of SNP heritability fall considerably below the other two estimates for EEG, electrodermal, and P3 measures. This pattern, consistent with what is called “missing heritability” in the literature, is often seen with other phenotypes, and is interpreted to indicate that rare variants and genetic mechanisms besides additive polygenicity are contributing to heritability. For antisaccade eye tracking error and overall
