To help evaluate ROC-AUC estimates, sensitivity and specificity estimates are presented in Fig. 4a and 4b. All items exhibited good-to-excellent levels of specificity (0.79–1.0), indicating that individuals who did not endorse the item were unlikely to have a SUD. However, Fig. 4a shows that three items had low-to-poor sensitivity (withdrawal and time using for all five substances; giving up activities for cannabis and sedatives), indicating many individuals with a SUD did not endorse the items.
