Dynamic systems theory predicts that systems with intrinsic periodic dynamics have preferred stimulation frequencies (or “resonance frequencies”) and that neuronal modulation should be strongest or most effective when the exogenous stimulation frequency of weak periodic perturbations is at or near the brain network’s resonance frequency 39. To design personalized interventions, we determined each subject’s endogenous theta peak frequency of their memory-related frontotemporal network by administering a brief (~25 minutes) pre-experiment EEG recording while subjects performed an abbreviated version of the change-detection task (i.e., 10 blocks). All subjects completed the pre-experiment EEG session on their screening day, which preceded all experimental test days. Single-trial spectral decomposition was performed from 1–30 Hz in 0.1-Hz increments on −2000 to 5000 ms segments peri-target onset, and was accomplished using complex Morlet wavelets with the constant ratio of the center frequency set to 14 and the number of cycles included in the mother wavelet set to 6 to increase frequency resolution. Long-range theta-band synchronization was assessed from 4–8 Hz in 0.1-Hz increments and computed using PLV 62 in source space between left temporal cortex and
