repository: https://github.com/thewonlab/H-MAGMA. In the end, we obtained 1,841 genes that are shared in more than four disorders, and defined them as pleiotropic genes. These genes were compared with the genes mapped to pleiotropic versus non-pleiotropic GWS loci from the meta-analysis of 8 psychiatric disorders14. We next performed the gene ontology, developmental expression, and cell-type expression analyses on the pleiotropic genes as described above.