Samples from individuals in the discovery sample were genotyped on the Illumina HumanOmni1-Quad v1.0 microarray (988,306 autosomal SNPs). GWAS genotyping was conducted at the Yale Center for Genome Analysis (YCGA) and the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). Genotypes were called using GenomeStudio software V2011.1 and genotyping module version 1.8.4 (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). A total of 44,644 SNPs on the microarray and 135 individuals with call rates < 98% were excluded, and 62,076 additional SNPs were removed due to minor allele frequencies (MAF) <1%. Additional quality control details are described in Supplementary Materials. SAGE samples (see below) were genotyped on the Illumina Human1M array.
