Our results indicate a very high genetic overlap (r=0.83) between our measure of lifetime cannabis use and lifetime cigarette use when based on the SNP panel. Twin studies have shown moderate to high genetic correlations of 0.59–0.74 between lifetime cannabis and nicotine use.66 Kendler et al.67 also reported significant biometrical genetic correlations between the levels of cannabis, nicotine and alcohol use, which were increasingly influenced by common genetic risks detectable in early adulthood.