HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using standard enzymatic methods. LDL cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald formula with assignment of a missing value for participants with triglycerides exceeding 400 mg/dL. Fasting blood samples were available in 41% of individuals (n=2916), and the remainder were non-fasting. We included both fasting and nonfasting samples in our analyses to increase statistical power.
