Notice that the right hand side of (8) is dependent on the SNP l while the left hand side is not. This equality will hold only approximately in our implementation since we will be using approximate values for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hat \sigma _l^2$$\end{document}σ^l2, i.e., from reference population, not the actual study population.
