Our major findings are (1) at baseline, the theta–gamma, alpha–beta, and beta–gamma PAC values of the frontal and temporal regions in the ID patients were lower than those in the GSC; (2) compared with sham rTMS, active rTMS improved theta–gamma and alpha‐beta PAC values, of electrodes near the stimulation target (left DLPFC); (3) there were significant correlations between enhanced PAC values at the Fz and F3 electrodes and improved subjective (PSQI score) and objective sleep quality (SOL) in ID patients.
