Opioid abuse and dependence disorders are widespread, chronic, multifactorial conditions that have detrimental effects on both the individual and society. Patients with opioid dependence require multi-level intervention strategies to address the biological, social and psychological elements of this disorder. Understanding the basic mechanisms behind such complex and multifactorial disorders will help identify management strategies in order to effectively prevent and treat cases of opioid related disorders. We have provided an overview of the genetic background of this disorder with few examples of common genes associated with addictive traits and disorders. We propose that there is a need for further large-scale studies that will help understand the biological mechanisms behind opioid addiction.
