association with alcohol dependence. There were no genomewide significant SNP associations observed (p < 10–8). However, 120 SNPs with a P < 10–4 were selected for genotyping in a follow-up sample of German males with DSM-IV alcohol dependence (age of onset younger than 45 years old). In addition, 19 additional SNPs were selected for genotyping in the follow-up sample which were selected based on differential expression of the gene in the rat brain after long term alcohol consumption. In the follow-up study, 16 SNPs showed association with at least nominal significance (p < 0.05), 15 of which were associated with the same allele as in the GWAS. The authors performed a quasi-meta-analysis by combining data from the GWAS sample and the follow-up sample. Two SNPs, rs7590720 and rs1344694 met a genome-wide significance (p < 10–8) in the combined sample. The two SNPs were in the 3’-flanking region of the gene encoding peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-coA [coenzyme A] reductase(PECR) (Table 3), located on chromosome region 2q35 (PECR), see Fig. 1. PECR participates in chain elongation of fatty acids and is an integral component of peroxisomes which play a key role in protection against oxidative stress particularly in glial cells (Di Cesare Mannelli et
