In the adjusted models, several disorders decreased the likelihood of treatment-seeking. These included specific phobia and narcissistic personality disorder for alcohol abuse as well as alcohol dependence, alcohol abuse for drug abuse, antisocial personality for drug dependence, and alcohol dependence for drug abuse and dependence. Fears regarding the health care system (specific phobias), increased interpersonal sensitivity to rejection (narcissistic personality disorder), comorbidity with other SUD (alcohol abuse and dependence), or a heightened tendency to externalize problems (antisocial personality disorder) may contribute to avoidance of help-seeking. The findings about pathological gambling may be related to the low treatment-seeking rates for this disorder (Blanco et al., 2006).
