Childhood traumatic events were recorded using the CTQ, a 28-item self-report questionnaire25. The CTQ yields a total score and five subscale scores for emotional and physical neglect, as well as emotional, physical and sexual abuses. The CTQ total score was used as a continuous variable assessing trauma severity. Based on the guidelines and cut-off values proposed by Bernstein and Fink26, we used the scores for each subscale to determine whether each kind of trauma was present (mild, moderate or severe) or absent. The French and the Portuguese validated versions were used in this study2728.
