with wide confidence intervals). In both HIV+ and uninfected individuals, mortality rates were higher among individuals with PEth ≥ 8 ng/mL compared to those with PEth < 8 ng/mL; and highest among those with PEth ≥ 50 ng/mL compared to those with PEth <8 and PEth 8–49 (Table 3). Among HIV+, the highest mortality was among those reporting abstinence but with PEth ≥8 ng/mL (5.69 per 100 PY, 95% CI 3.78–8.56) and among those with high risk AUDIT-C and PEth ≥8 ng/mL (6.12 per 100 PY, 95% CI 3.82–9.85). Among the uninfected, those reporting abstinence but having PEth ≥8 ng/mL had the highest mortality rate (3.03 per 100 PY, 95% CI 1.52–6.07). Patterns are similar among the restricted sample (Table 3).