Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes following the seminal work of English and colleagues [4]. Specifically, more than 30 ICD-10 (version 10) three or four-digit codes include alcohol in their name or definition [5], indicating that alcohol consumption is a necessary cause (these are listed later in this paper in Table 1). In addition, alcohol has been identified as a sufficient component cause for over 200 ICD-10 three-digit disease codes (these are listed later in the paper in Tables 2 and 5). The sufficient component model states that a sufficient component cause consists of a number of components, none of which alone is sufficient for causing the disease. When all the components are present, the sufficient cause is formed. For each disease, different sufficient component causes may be relevant (for a more thorough definition of component causes see [6]). In epidemiological practice, researchers mostly focus on one component of the sufficient component cause, such as alcohol consumption, often with a counterfactual model, examining what proportion of a disease under consideration would disappear if the risk factor was absent, or what proportion would disappear when the population distribution of the risk factor would shift to level associated with lower harm [7]. This
