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Chunk #15 — EEG Methods and Advances — Graph Theoretical Methods

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Advances in Electrophysiological Research.
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al. 2007). Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) studies also have used graph theoretical methods. Although EEG and MEG signals originate from the same neurophysiological processes, magnetic fields recorded using scalp sensors are less distorted than electrical potentials by the skull and scalp. However, MEG detects only tangential, intracellular currents, whereas EEG is related to both radial and tangential extracellular currents emanating from cortical sulci and gyri (Babiloni et al. 2009; Cohen and Cuffin 1983). Using the graph theoretical methods with EEG/MEG data, researchers have analyzed brain networks in several clinical conditions, including schizophrenia (Bassett et al. 2009; Rubinov et al. 2009), epilepsy (van Dellen et al. 2009), depression (Leistedt et al. 2009), and bipolar disorder (Kim et al. 2013). In an MEG study using graph theoretical approaches, Stam and colleagues (2009) showed that patients with Alzheimer’s disease had decreased connectivity of hubs in their brain networks and that highly connected neural network hubs were especially at risk in this disease. This result also was compatible with a previous fMRI-based brain network study in Alzheimer’s disease (Supekar et al. 2008). In alcoholism, Sakkalis and Marias (2012) elicited statistically significant graph-theoretic indices that quantified cognitive processes in the EEG data of alcoholic subjects. Sakkalis and