The neural circuitry underlying waiting includes the ventromedial, but not orbital, regions of the frontal cortex (Figure 1), as lesions of the infralimbic and anterior cingulate cortex increase premature responding in the 5CSRTT, while damage to the orbitofrontal, parietal, lateral frontal, or medial frontal cortex (the latter depending on the extent of the lesion) do not.105–107 Moreover, lesions of the medial and lateral striatum, but not the ventral striatum, increase premature responding in the 5CSRTT.108, 109 Like stop signal performance, effective inhibition of anticipatory responding in the 5CSRTT also involves the subthalamic nucleus.110
