Genes encoding the major neurotransmitter systems could potentially influence the biological basis of cannabis use disorders. Increased production of these neurotransmitters is potentially mediated by CB1 (cannabinoid receptor 1) activity. These systems include the glutamatergic, GABAergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, opioidergic and acetylcholinergic systems. While it is likely that genes in these receptor families contribute in some way to the genetic underpinnings of cannabis-related behaviors, even abuse and dependence, their effects on cannabis use disorders are likely to be non-specific and similar to their effects on other psychoactive substance use behaviors. We briefly highlight three of these neurotransmitter systems, their general effects on substance-related behaviors and discuss their particular relationship with cannabis. We then select the most commonly investigated gene in each family and present evidence for association between this gene and cannabis use disorders.
