NTR used the short Devereux Child Behaviour (DCB) rating scale for 5 year olds. The DCB consists of questions about problem behaviour in children rated by the parents [27]. The short version includes 42 items that measure seven different aspects of problem behaviour in children. Parents were asked to indicate on a five-point scale whether the statements were applicable (0 = never, 1 = rarely, 2 = occasionally, 3 = frequently, 4 = very frequently). The items of the questionnaire cover the following aspects of problem behaviour: emotional liability (five items, e.g. “markedly impatient”), social isolation (three items, e.g. “quite timid or shy”), aggressive behaviour (seven items, e.g. “hits, bites and scratches other children”), attention problems (five items, e.g. “jumps from one activity to another”), dependency (five items, e.g. “does not want to do things for himself”), anxiety problems (six items, e.g. “concern about his physical health”) and physical coordination (five items, e.g. “gets dirty and untidy”).
