A standard approach for refining association signals is a step-wise conditional analysis, an iterative procedure that conditions on the Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) with the lowest P-value of association until no additional SNP reaches the pre-assigned P-value threshold. While conditional analysis is informative about the number of complementary sources of association signals within the region, it fails to provide probabilistic measures of causality for individual variants. To overcome this problem, many recent fine-mapping methods have adopted a Bayesian framework.
