This dataset, including genotypes and DSM-IV alcohol-dependence phenotypes, was downloaded from dbGaP (phs000181.v1.p1) [25]. As in COGA, we limited the replication analysis to European American (EA) individuals (n = 2856), and the pedigree matrix was constructed in the same way. Additionally, sex, age, and the first three principal components of population stratification as specified by OZ-ALC were included as covariates in the replication analysis.