Risk factors associated with problem behavior more generally have been found to be associated with alcohol use at adolescence, including parental monitoring and discipline practices and the adolescent’s antisocial behavior and association with deviant peers. Parental supervision or monitoring and discipline, along with related constructs of parenting (e.g., clear behavioral expectations, low family conflict), have been found protective against alcohol use during adolescence (Getz and Bray, 2005). Antisocial behavior has been found in numerous studies to be predictive of early alcohol use (Dishion et al., 1999; Getz and Bray, 2005), as has deviant peer association (Li et al. 2001).
