We predicted cell-type proportions in the cortex and identified 3,549 cell-type ieQTLs. We compared the ieQTLs with snRNA-seq eQTLs and observed that the π1 estimates were low due to the low sample size or other limitations in the snRNA-seq datasets24,65,66. As we observed good Rb and AC values, we expect that the overlap and replication rates will improve once the sample sizes of snRNA-seq studies increase, highlighting the potential of ieQTL analysis in bulk RNA-seq.