In summary, G×E research has generated much excitement over the past decade. Findings from the field suggest an appealing possibility: genes are not destiny—their effects depend on environmental context. This may often be true, but to date, the field has not convincingly demonstrated that any particular G×E finding is robust. This is not only because investigators have failed to properly specify covariates in their models, but also because sample sizes have typically been small, the appropriateness of multiple testing corrections has been difficult to verify, and the unpublished ‘file drawer’ of negative findings may be large. These issues have led to an erosion of confidence in published G×E findings. This confidence will increase as investigators, reviewers, and editors acknowledge these issues and take steps to rectify them.
