Table 1 describes the growth outcomes in the NFBC1966. Males had a greater birth length, PHV1 and PHV2 while females had about two years earlier timing of pubertal growth spurt, measured by ATO and age at PHV2 (see Figure 1 which also shows how height velocity varies by age and sex between 8 and 16 years). The correlations between derived growth parameters and birth measures, adult height and body mass index (BMI) and age at menarche are as expected, showing internal consistency (Text S1, Table S1). For example, age at PHV2 had a correlation of r = 0.58 with age at menarche in girls and a weaker but still robust (p<0.0001) inverse correlation with BMI at 31 y in both sexes (r = −0.19 in girls, r = −0.17 in boys). Adult height was more strongly correlated with PHV1 (r = 0.45 in girls, r = 0.46 in boys) than PHV2 (r = 0.14 in girls, r = 0.09 in boys) whereas age at PHV2 did not have a correlation with adult height at p<0.05 level.
