Behnke et al. found a significant decrease in the volume of right anterior cerebellum in cocaine-exposed children32. On the other hand, Singer et al. reported decreased gray matter volume in right parietal and left occipital lobes in cocaine-exposed children32. Singer et al. also found a decrease in the area of corpus callosum. The cerebral lobes and cerebellum were labeled and quantified by these investigators using an Automatic Non-Linear Image Matching and Anatomical Labeling (ANIMAL) tool. The amount of cocaine exposure was predictive of the total area of corpus callosum and, although the cocaine-exposed children were also exposed to more cigarettes and alcohol, the volumetric decrease remained significant after adjustment for other exposures. These investigators hypothesized that observed morphologic abnormalities may have been caused by vascular injury or anterior corpus callosum agenesis as a result of exposure to toxins. Changes in grey matter volume in the occipital and parietal lobes did not show a dose-dependent response. In addition, gray matter volume of the right parietal lobe was shown to correlate with visual attention, visual-motor performance, sensorimotor ability and syntax construction scores
