Yeo, Gangestad, Liu et al., 2011). Similar to using intermediate functional and metabolic phenotypes, intermediate structural phenotypes have also been used to study predisposed risk to AUD from alcohol dependence families (Hill et al., 2007, 2011). While there has been good progress in both determining genetic susceptibility to AUDs and categorizing brain structural differences related to AUDs, little work has been done combining both genetic variants with structural differences.
