Individual variation in the frontal amplitude of novel P3 was influenced by effects of alcohol and by gene–environment interactions. In these models, alcohol abuse, as measured with RAPI at age 25, was significantly associated with variation of novel P3 amplitude. Specifically, the amplitude of novel P3 correlated negatively with RAPI, and P3 amplitude correlated negatively with alcohol use (Table 6). HMR results show that alcohol use, as measured with MAX-D24, a lifetime report of “Maximum number of drinks consumed in a 24-hour period,” was marginally significantly associated with variation in P3 amplitude (Table 7).