PTSD in the wake of the randomly selected TE was assessed with the PTSD section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI; Kessler & Ustun, 2004), a fully structured interview administered by trained lay interviewers. DSM-IV criteria were used. Criterion A1 (exposure to an experience involving threatened death or serious injury) was assumed to exist by virtue of endorsing the TE question. Criterion A2 (intense, fear, helplessness, or horror) was not required, but Criteria B (persistent re-experiencing), C (avoidance-numbing), D (increased arousal), E (minimum duration of more than 1 month), and E (clinically significant distress or impairment) were all required. As detailed elsewhere (Haro et al. 2006), blinded clinical reappraisal interviews with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) conducted in four WMH countries found CIDI-SCID concordance for DSM-IV PTSD to be moderate (Landis & Koch, 1977) (AUC = 0.69). Sensitivity and specificity were 0.38 and 0.99, respectively, resulting in a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 42.0, which is well above the threshold of 10 typically used to consider screening scale diagnoses definitive (Gardner & Altman, 2000). Consistent with the
