The present study provides much new information about negative consequences from drinking among drinkers from diverse countries around the world. However, there are also some important limitations. First, not all countries employed national samples; therefore, these results cannot necessarily be considered representative of the countries overall. Second, all survey sampling methods have some bias. In almost all surveys, women were more likely than men to participate. In addition, for some surveys administered face-to-face, dangerous regions or neighborhoods may be under-represented. For telephone surveys, persons who were institutionalized or did not feel comfortable speaking the language(s) of the country were generally not included. It is also possible that some of the country differences may relate to differences in phrasing or formatting of questions (shown in Table S2). Another possible limitation is the lack of inclusion of measures of heavy episodic drinking in the analyses. However, usual measures of heavy episodic drinking (e.g., 5 or more drinks per occasion) may not be suited for cross-cultural research when in some countries nearly all male drinkers engage in heavy episodic drinking, while in other
