milder phenotype than TCL1 or TRAF2DN/BCL2 transgenic animals. APRIL mice showed only mild expansion of splenic B-cells, they did not develop high blood white cells count and did not die prematurely from leukemia or lymphoma. Hence, it is possible that APRIL predisposes CD5+ B-cells to malignancy, but this occurrence would require also a second hit, such as Bcl2 or Tcl1 up-regulation.