According to our list, 242 candidate gene association, 22 genome-wide linkages, 18 GWAS, and 5 targeted sequencing, making a total of 287 studies, have been conducted in the ND genetics field. The numbers for genome-wide linkage and candidate gene association studies before 2004 are based on Li34 and Munafò et al.,139 respectively. As a summary and refining of the 286 ND genetic studies, we developed an ND genetic susceptibility map with 14 linkage regions and 47 unique loci of 60 susceptibility genes (Figure 1).
