study, none of them smoked during the study, and there was no difference between groups in time since last cigarette, the potentially circulating nicotine levels should have been low and the differential effects of nicotine on brain activation should be minimal. Note that contrasting with our previous study [15], we did not observe drug vs. neutral word activation differences in midbrain in the present study, probably reflecting the lack of monetary incentive conditions and the lower statistical power associated to the simplified version of the DW paradigm.