likely to affiliate with substance using peers – and for gene by environment interaction, or that the influence of substance using peers was stronger in those individuals who had a high genetic liability to recent alcohol and tobacco use. Most recently, Button and colleagues (15) used a similar series of models to report that genetic influences were more prominent at both very low and at very high levels of peer delinquency. In that study, no evidence for moderation of genetic factors common to RSI and PSI was noted.