EEG has provided the scientific community with a large range of biomarkers and putative biomarkers for neurological and behavioral disorders, offering insight into the localization and timing of cognitive processes (Arns et al., 2013; de Geus, 2010; Hegerl et al., 2008; Murias et al., 2007; Uhlhaas & Singer, 2010), and has provided biomarkers that track brain development (Smit & Anokhin, 2016; Smit et al., 2011, 2012). More recently, EEG has provided insight into modes of communication in large‐scale brain networks via synchronous oscillatory activity (Cohen et al., 2012; Horschig et al., 2015; Salinas & Sejnowski, 2001; Stam, 2014; Uhlhaas et al., 2010; Varela et al., 2001). For clinical purposes, EEG is routinely used in the diagnosis of neurological disorders. It is the gold standard for sleep staging, which is used to establish disruption of sleep patterns (Berry et al., 2017; Coleman et al., 1982). EEG is also used to detect epileptiform activity and epileptic seizures or their absence (Flink et al., 2002; Niedermeyer, 1999a), or to monitor nonconvulsive status epilepticus in critically ill patients (Abend et al., 2010). By contrast,
