In longitudinal analyses, level of physical frailty and change in physical frailty over time were associated with risk of incident AD and incident MCI, and to the rate of cognitive decline [99,100]. Parkinsonian signs were also related to risk of AD [101]. Likewise, level of baseline global cognition and five cognitive abilities were also associated with the development of incident mobility impairment based on gait speed and loss of the ability to ambulate as well as the annual rate of decline of mobility [102].
