Though our common pathway model takes a different perspective than Nigg’s (2001, 2003) dual-process model, the two approaches are complementary in the sense that, together, they examine both the unity (common underlying risks) and diversity (differential underlying risks) of externalizing problems and associated cognitive deficits. We would argue that both perspectives provide unique and valuable tools that can be used to better understand the nature and etiology of psychopathology.
