corresponds to liability variation below the diagnostic threshold. Variation in propensity may manifest as psychological/behavioral precursors of addiction. These precursors have been conceptualized as problem behavior (Jessor and Jessor, 1977), overlapping with the CLA (Vanyukov et al., 1994, 1996; Vanyukov and Tarter, 2000). This particularly concerns propensity mechanisms preceding drug involvement as well as its changes—the domain pertaining to the focus of the GH. The GH perspective has been presented as a “fundamental theoretical antithesis” (Kandel and Yamaguchi, 1999, p. 68) to this concept. Such a juxtaposition is not, however, fully adequate, as the problem behavior and liability theories address mechanisms of addiction development, whereas the GH at best only describes a pattern of drug use initiation.
