The above findings, taken in conjunction with reports that FoxOs are regulated by the mood regulating BDNF (48, 55) and the mood stabilizer lithium (58), prompted us to hypothesize that FoxOs may be a transcriptional target of mood disorder treatment. We therefore examined if the monoamine-regulating antidepressant imipramine regulates brain FoxOs. An acute imipramine treatment (30 mg/kg, i.p. for 1 hr) did not cause a significant change in either phosphorylated or total FoxO1 and FoxO3a in the tested brain regions, except a trend toward an increase in phospho-Ser256-FoxO1 was noted in the hippocampus (Table 2).
