Some members of these families, primarily probands, were included in the GWAS case control sample. There were 426 individuals included in the EA GWAS sample (326 cases; 100 controls) that were also a member of the families used for replication. The analytic methods applied to detect association in the case control and family-based tests of association are statistically independent (Abecasis et al., 2000; Vogel et al., 2009; Zuo et al., 2009).
