11 genes overlapped between the analyses in the 2019 GWAX7 and in the 2019 GWAS:9 CR1, BIN1, HLA-DRB1, CD2AP, PILRA, CLU, PT2KB, PICALM, ADAM10, ABCA7, and CASS4 (table 2). Independent of these two studies, fine mapping, whole–exome or whole–genome sequencing, targeted resequencing, and in–vitro experimental validation studies have identified common or rare functional variants in APOE, CR1, BIN1, TREM2, CLU, PILRA, SORL1, ADAM10, ABCA7, and CD33 (table 2).37 Gene expression analysis has also identified eQTLs in either myeloid cells or microglia for SPI1, MS4A4A, and MS4A6A (table 2).37 Despite this progress, functional variants or genes have not been identified for most Alzheimer’s disease loci.
