A count of 27 items consisting of both number of past year negative consequences associated with drinking and symptoms related to alcohol dependence (consistent with the alcohol-dependence syndrome described by Edwards and Gross, 1976) was calculated at each wave (approximately ages 18 to 35). Items based on items from the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST; Selzer, 1971) as well as other items were created to produce a broad list of negative consequences of alcohol consumption and dependence symptomatology (see Sher et al., 1991; items available upon request).
