0.04–0.06 in genes where estimates converged (Supplementary Figure 1, Supplementary Table 1). Although we observed large differences in the average hg,cis2 estimates between the two blood cohorts, the estimates were strongly correlated across genes (Pearson ρ=0.47 for YFS-NTR, as compared to ρ=0.15 and ρ=0.26 for METSIM-NTR and METSIM-YFS respectively). This is consistent with a common but not identical genetic architecture. The hg,cis2 was significantly non-zero for 6,924 genes after accounting for multiple hypotheses (1,985 for METSIM, 3,836 for YFS, and 1,103 for NTR) (Supplementary Figure 1) whereas current sample sizes where too small to detect individually significant trans heritable genes. As expected, we also observed a high overlap of genes with significant hg,cis2 across cohorts (Supplementary Table 2, Supplementary Figure 2). We focused subsequent analyses on the 6,924 cis-heritable genes as such genes are typically enriched for trait associations7,9,13,24–29.
