analysis of ‘age at first tooth’ and ‘number of teeth’, respectively. Individuals were imputed to HapMap Phase II (Build 36, release 22) using the Markov Chain Haplotyping software (MACH v.1.0.16) (32). X chromosome imputation was carried out on the non-pseudo autosomal region of the X chromosome only, using CEU individuals from HapMap Phase III (release 2). Only SNPs exceeding an rsq imputation quality metric of 0.3 and an MAF of >1% were included in subsequent analyses.