Health researchers should also pay attention to the ways in which segregation may affect the health of black immigrants. In the 2000 Census, foreign-born blacks and Hispanic blacks experienced even higher levels of residential segregation than U.S.-born blacks,119 primarily because they tend to reside in metropolitan areas where black-white segregation tends to be very high. The effects that this has on their exposures to health risks and their trajectories of health over time need to be examined. More generally, this raises the issue of paying attention to the extent to which variations in skin tone within immigrant and other groups may be associated with differential exposures such as discrimination that may have health consequences. Recent research indicates that Hispanics who self-identify as black have poorer health than those who identify as white.120
