In response to the pandemic, a variety of restrictions and mandates intended to slow the transmission of the virus were enacted at the community, state, and federal levels in the United States. For example, physical distancing measures included shelter-in-place ordinances and bans of large gatherings (The Council of State Governments, 2021), multiple states issued statewide stay-at-home orders which restricted virtually all non-essential travel for residents (State of California-Health and Human Services Agency, 2020, State of Delaware, 2020), and some states restricted operations or closed non-essential businesses (State of New York, 2020). Of note, local and state government responses were highly variable, with some Southern and Midwestern states never issuing shelter-in-place orders or banning mask mandates (Mazzei, 2021, Mervosh et al., 2020).
